英语名词的句法功能细节知识点总结
英语名词的句法功能指的是名词在句子中扮演的角色或承担的语法作用。具体来说,英语名词的句法功能包括作主语、作宾语、作补语、作定语等。
作主语
名词在句子中作主语,表示动作、行为的主体或事物的主体。例如:
Self-confidence is the key to success.自信是成功的关键。
Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we takes short breaks regularly.最近的研究表明,如果经常休息,我们在工作中的效率会更高。
作宾语
名词在句子中作宾语,表示动作行为所涉及的对象或动作行为的结果。例如:
It is everyone's duty to love animals.爱护动物是每一个人应尽的义务。
He went on to talk about his accident.他接着谈到了他的意外事故。
作补语
名词在句子中作补语,补充说明主语或宾语所指的人或事物。例如:
They elected him president.他们选举他为总统。
The city is famous for its beautiful scenery.这座城市因其美丽的风景而闻名。
背单词的好方法
随时随地背单词
不知不觉背单词
单词不用记
作定语
名词在句子中作定语,修饰或限定名词、代词等,表示人或事物的特征、性质、材料、作用等。例如:
apple trees苹果树
cloth shoes布鞋
coffee cup咖啡杯
序号
功能
例句
1
作主语
Newspapers are useful. 报纸有用。
2
作宾语
Have you received my letter? 你收到我的信了吗?(作动词的宾语)
The books are on the desk. 书在桌子上。(做介词的宾语)
3
作表语
Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
4
作补足语
We made him manager of the company. 我们选他当公司的经理。
This kind of flower is called carnation. 这种花叫康乃馨。(作主语)
5
作同位语
You students go first. 你们学生先走。
6
作状语
We’ll meet next Sunday. 我们下周日见。
7
作定语
I am an English teacher. 我是一位英语老师。
【易错警示】
1. 名词作定语一般用其单数形式。
a paper bag纸袋,a shoe shop鞋店,a football fan球迷
2. 有些常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数形式。
a clothes shop服装店,a glasses store眼镜店,a goods train货运列车
3. 数词加名词构成的形容词(中间有连字符)作定语时,名词常使用单数形式。
a five-year-old boy 一个三岁的男孩,a 500-metre-long rope 一条五百米的绳子
所有格作定语和名词直接作定语的区别:名词所有格作定语时,表示的是所有关系,即归谁所有。
Tom’s books 汤姆的书(汤姆和书之间是所属关系,即书是汤姆的)。
而名词直接作定语时,与被修饰的名词之间没有所属关系,如:shoe shop鞋店(鞋与商店之间没有所属关系)。再如woman driver女司机,the women’s driver 这些女士的司机;girl friend女朋友,the girl’s friend这个女孩的朋友。
【典例】
—Where are the _____________ students?
—They are playing football with _____________ students from Hilltop School.
A. boys;/
B. boys;the
C. boy;/
【答案】D
【解析】一般而言,名词作定语用单数形式,故排除A、B;第二空后的student特指Hilltop School的学生。因此前面加冠词the。故选D。
根据所给的汉语意思或所缺单词的首字母,写出该单词的正确形式,使句子完整。
1. I think you’ll find the plan _____ (包括) most of your suggestions
2. At the _____ (现在) moment he is supposed to be in Paris.
3. I do hope the _____ (政府) can do something to protect our environment when developing the tourism.
4. She had changed so much that I could hardly _____ (认出) her.
5. His apartment is three _____ (街区) away from the police station.
6. You are r_____ not to smoke in the restaurant.
7. Xinhua dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a v______ of 10,000 words.
8. Seeing the dog, she ran r_____ up the stairs.
9. He looks honest, but a_____ he is a thief.
10. Australia is in the s_____ part of the world.
【答案】
1. includes 2. present 3. government 4. recognize 5. blocks
6. requested 7. vocabulary 8. rapidly 9. actually 10. Southern
