宾语从句同位语从句的基本特点及用法总结
1. 宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。
(1) 宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
(2) 连词whether和 if可以互换，但注意下列情况
连词后紧跟or not时用whether
I want to know whether or not they will come.
作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句
He was interested in whether he saw her there.
连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if 只能用whether
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导

I care if he will not attend the meeting.

背单词的好方法
随时随地背单词
不知不觉背单词
单词不用记

(3) 当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause,that不可省略
I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.
(4) 当主语是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五个动词时，用否定转移
I don’t think he will win the game, will he?
(5) that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或 but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词that
He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasn’t hungry.
(6) 注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句
I don’t know if he will come.
If he comes, I’ll let you know.

2.同位语从句，在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。
用在下列名词fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought, doubt, truth,order,suggestion, word etc.
(1) There is no doubt that he will come.
There is doubt whether he will come.
Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.
There is no possibility that….
(2) that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略
We are interested in the news that s ome foreigners w ould visit ou r school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.
when, where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
在定语从句中，when, where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系
They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句)
Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定语从句)

3. 疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter where I go, my heart is towards China.
I believer whatever he says.   Whatever he says, I will never believe him.
who与 whoever的区别
who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，who相当于anyone who“无论谁”
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
Can you tell me who that g entleman is?

1. 问候和应答
A: How are you doing?    B: Fine, thank you. / Just  so-so.
A: Please remember me to your parents. B: Sure, I will.
2. 介绍和应答
A: This is Mr./ Mrs./ Miss/ Ms Brown.  B: Hello!/ How do you do ?/ Nice to meet you!
3. 告别
   See you (later)!  / Good night!( cf. Good evening!)/ Nice seeing you.
4. 感谢和应答
  A: Many thanks!/ Thanks for your help!/ I appreciate your help!
  B: That’s all right (OK). /  You are welcome./ Don’t mention it./ It’s a pleasure./ My pleasure.
     (cf. With pleasure. 用于回答对方的求助、邀请)
5. 道歉和应答
A: I’ m sorry.   
B: That’s all right (OK.). / It doesn’t matter./ Never mind./ That’s nothing./ Forget it. 
6. 邀请和应答
A: Would you like to...?  
B: Yes, I'd love to. / Yes, with pleasure./  Yes, it's very kind ( nice )of you. / I'd love to, but I have other plans.
7. 请求允许和应答
A: Could I smoke here? / I wonder if I could smoke here.
B: Yes (Certainly). / Y es, do please. / Of course you may. / That's OK (all right). / I'm sorry, but it is not allowed / You'd better not. 
A: Do you mind if I open the window?
B: Not at all./ Of course not./ Certainly not./ I’m sorry, but you’d better not.
8.  祝愿、祝贺和应答
A: Good luck! / Best wishes to you. / Have a nice / good time. / Congratulations! / Have a good journey.!
B: Thank you. 
A: Happy New Year! / Merry Christmas! /  H appy birthday to you. 
B: The same to you. 
9. 提供帮助和应答
A: Can I help you? / Would you like some help? 
B:  Thanks. That would be nice / Yes, please. / No, thank you all (just) the same. / No, thank you anyway./ That's very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.
A: What c an I do for you?      B: I’d like to go to the No. 3 Middle School.
10. 约会
A: Shall we meet at 4:30 ? / Let’s make it 4:00.    B:  All right. See you then. 

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