动词不定式作定语作状语作独立成分的用法
（1）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系： I have a meeting to attend. 
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in. 
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
This is the best way to work out this problem. 
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have you got anything to be sent? 
②说明所修饰名词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work. 

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语： He is the first  to  get here. 

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（2）作状语：
①表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. 
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. 
right：To save mon ey, he has tried e very means. 
②表结果： He arrived late to find the train gone. 
常用only放在不定式前表示强调： I visited him only to find him out. 
③表原因： They were very sad to hear the news. 
④表程度： It's too dark for us to see anything. 
（3）作独立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. 
（4）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 
（5）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。 
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 

How to protect your ears
   You and your friends are leaving a concert on a Friday night. When you get outside, your ears are ringing. You have to shout to be heard.  16   So no harm done…right?
   Not quite. Temporary buzzing may be easy to ignore, but repeated exposure to loud noise will eventually cause serious--- and irreversible(无法治愈的)—hearing loss. A new study conducted by researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston shows that one in five people between the ages of 12 and 19 are experiencing slight hearing loss, and one in 20 have mild hearing loss.   17   
But the good news is that there plenty of ways you can protect your ears from further damage — and still listen to the music you love:
   Ask around. Put your earbuds in or your headphones on, and then ask a friend next to you whether or not he or she can hear what you’re listening to.   18   Turn it down.
   Buy noise-canceling headphones. A pair of earbuds or headphones that fits comfortably will limit outside noise so that you can hear your music better at lower volumes.
   Take breaks.   19   So when listening to music, take your headphones off for 15 or 20 minutes and let your ears enjoy the quiet.
  20   You can buy a cheap pair at any drugstore as an easy way to lower volume at concerts — or while playing or practicing your own music — without changing the quality of the sound.
A. Use earplugs.
B. Keep the volume below 70 percent.
C. If the answer is yes, your music is too loud.
D. Like every other part of your body, your ears need rest.
E. But by morning, your hearing is totally back to normal.
F. Unfortunately, there’s no way to get back hearing you’ve already lost.
G.. The exposure to noise is louder and longer than in any previous generation.

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